ABSTRACT. The objective of this study was to evaluate the inclusion of protease and sugarcane yeast in poultry diets on performance, organ weight, intestinal biometry, chemical composition and deposition of body nutrients in the 1 to 7-day old phase. The experimental design consisted of a randomized complete block design, in a factorial arrangement of 2 (without and with the enzyme protease) x3 (yeast levels: 0, 6 and 12%) +1 (positive control diet), totaling seven treatments with five replicates, birds per experimental unit. The treatments used consisted of a positive control diet and the others were the negative control, with reductions in nutritional levels of protein and amino acids by 4% requirement. In the negative control diets, protease enzyme was included in three levels of sugarcane yeast. In isolation, treatments with or without inclusion of protease influenced the chemical composition of the birds. The levels of yeast from sugarcane yeast presented effects for weight gain, feed conversion, moisture and crude protein in the nutrient deposition. The inclusion of protease in diets for broiler chicks cannot remedy the poor performance provided by the use of sugarcane yeast, in addition to presenting lower levels of deposition of body nutrients.

RESUMOObjetivou-se avaliar o desempenho, rendimentos de carcaça e cortes nobres, porcentagem de gordura abdominal e viabilidade econômica em rações para frangos de corte no período de 22 a 42 dias de idade, alimentados com dietas contendo óleo de soja degomado, soja integral extrusada e soja semi-integral extrusada. Foram utilizados 360 frangos de corte, em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com quatro tratamentos (ração controle; ração com adição de óleo de soja degomado; ração com adição de soja integral extrusada; ração contendo soja semi-integral extrusada), cinco repetições e 18 aves por boxe. Na fase de 22 a 33 dias de idade, as aves alimentadas com rações contendo soja semi-integral extrusada, apresentaram o menor ganho de peso e índice de eficiência produtiva. No período de 22 a 42 dias de idade, aquelas que receberam a ração controle e ração contendo óleo de soja degomado obtiveram melhor conversão alimentar. Aos 42 dias de idade, os frangos alimentados com a ração controle, tiveram maiores pesos absolutos da carcaça e menor porcentagem de gordura abdominal. Em rações para frangos de corte no período de 22 a 42 dias de idade, a utilização da soja integral extrusada aumenta a gordura abdominal, e a soja semi-integral extrusada prejudica a conversão alimentar, com menor peso absoluto de carcaça e margem bruta. O uso do óleo de soja degomado proporciona melhor conversão alimentar e menor custo de produção das aves, o que viabiliza sua inclusão em rações para estes animais.

ABSTRACTThis study aimed to evaluate the performance, carcass and prime-cut yield, percentage of abdominal fat and economic viability of feed for broiler chickens, for a period of from 22 to 42 days of age, fed diets containing degummed soybean oil, extruded whole soybean and extruded semi-whole soybean. Three hundred and sixty broilers were used in a completely randomised design with four treatments (control feed; feed with added degummed soybean oil; feed with added extruded whole soybean, feed containing extruded semi-whole soybean), five replications and 18 birds per pen. From 22 to 33 days of age, birds which were fed diets containing extruded semi-whole soybean showed the lowest weight gain and productive efficiency index. From 22 to 42 days of age, those who received the control diet and the diet containing degummed soybean oil achieved better feed conversion. At 42 days of age, the chickens fed the control diet had higher absolute carcass weight and a lower percentage of abdominal fat. In diets for broilers from 22 to 42 days of age, the use of extruded whole soybean increases abdominal fat, while extruded semi-whole soybean affects feed conversion, with a lower absolute carcass weight and lower gross margin. The use of degummed soybean oil results in better feed conversion and lower bird production costs, making it viable for inclusion in diets for these animals.

Objetivou-se avaliar o uso do zinco e da vitamina E em dietas para frangos de corte mantidos em cama reutilizada, no período de 1 a 21 dias de idade, sobre o desempenho, peso dos órgãos linfoides, digestivos e coração. Setecentos pintos distribuídos em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 2x3+1, sendo dois níveis de zinco (0,0 e 120mg/kg da dieta) associados a três níveis de vitamina E (0,0; 300 e 600mg/kg da dieta), uma dieta controle e cinco repetições, foram criados em galpões de alvenaria coberto de telhas de cerâmica e piso cimentado. No período de 1 a 21 dias, o ganho de peso é maior, sem a suplementação de zinco e vitamina E, quando as aves são mantidas em cama reutilizada em relação àquelas criadas em cama nova. A suplementação isolada de 300mg de vitamina E/kg e a associação de 120mg de zinco/kg com 600mg de vitamina E/kg conferem maior ganho de peso aos frangos de corte criados em cama reutilizada em comparação às aves alimentadas com dieta controle mantidas em cama nova. Conclui-se que os níveis de zinco e de vitamina E avaliados não melhoram os parâmetros de desempenho de frangos de corte mantidos em cama reutilizada de 1 a 21 dias de idade. O peso do intestino aumenta e o do baço diminui à medida que a vitamina E é suplementada na dietas desses animais.

The objective of this research was to evaluate the use of zinc and vitamin E in diets for broilers kept in reused litter, between 1-21 days of age, over performance, lymphoid organs, heart and digestive organs weight. Seven hundred chicks distributed in a completely randomized design in a factorial scheme 2x3+1, with two levels of zinc (0.0 and 120 mg/kg diet) associated with three levels of vitamin E (0.0, 300 and 600mg/kg diet), a control diet and five replications, were created in sheds covered masonry ceramic tiles and concrete floor . In the period of 1-21 days the weight gain is greater, without supplementation of zinc and vitamin E, when birds are kept on reused litter compared to those kept on new litter. The isolated supplementation of 300mg vitamin E/kg and the combination of 120mg zinc/kg with 600mg vitamin E/kg gives greater weight gain for broilers raised on reused litter compared to birds fed in a control diet kept in new litter. We conclude that the reviews levels of zinc and vitamin E do not improve feed intake, weight gain, feed conversion, the production viability and productive efficiency rate of broilers kept in re-used litter of 1 to 21 days of age. The intestine weight increases and the spleen's decreases as vitamin E is supplemented in the diets of these animals.

A pesquisa foi conduzida para avaliar o desempenho, metabolizabilidade dos nutrientes e rendimento de carcaça e dos principais cortes comerciais de frangos de cortes alimentados com dietas contendo aditivos alternativos a antibióticos promotores de crescimento, no período de 22 a 42 dias. Os tratamentos foram constituídos de uma ração controle padrão para atender as exigências das aves em cada fase e os demais adicionados de antibiótico; probióticos, prebióticos e simbióticos, com quatro repetições. O uso de probiótico (Lactobacillus acidophilus, Streptococcus faecium e Bifidumbacterium bifidum), do prebiótico (mananoligossacarídeo - MOS) e simbióticos, em ração de frangos de corte, proporciona resultado semelhante ao uso do antibiótico avilamicina 12% para desempenho, rendimento de carcaça e cortes comerciais (peito, dorso, coxa, sobrecoxa, asas, entreasas), coeficiente de metabolizabilidade da matéria seca, da proteína bruta e da energia bruta, no período de 22 a 42 dias de idade, constituindo esses aditivos em alternativa importante na substituição dos antibióticos promotores de crescimento.

This research was conducted to evaluate the performance, metabolizability of nutrients and yield of carcass and the most commercial cuts of broiler chickens fed with diets containing antibiotic growth promoter, probiotics, prebiotic and symbiotics, in the period from 22 to 42 days of age. The experimental treatments were constituted of the basal diet to attempt the nutritional requirements of birds in each phase and others treatments were added of antibiotic; probiotics; prebiotic and symbiotics. The use of probiotic (Lactobacillus acidophilus, Streptococcus faecium and Bifidumbacterium bifidum), and prebiotic (mananoligossacarídeo-MOS) and symbiotics in ration of broiler chicken feed, produce performance, carcass yield and yield of most of the commercial cuts (breast, back, thigh, drumstick, wings and wing drumette), as well as metabolizability coefficient of dry matter, crude protein and gross energy, similar to that achieved with the use of the antibiotic Avilamycin 12%, during the period from 22 to 42 days of age. This way, these additives are important alternative in the substitution of antibiotics.

This research was developed to evaluate the nutritional, digestible (DE) and metabolizable (ME) energy values of dehydrated brewery residue (DBR) for growing pigs, as well as to evaluate the performance of these animals, subjected to five levels of DBR inclusion (0, 5, 10, 15 and 20%). The experimental design was of randomized blocks, based on animal weight. In the digestibility assay, 12 male piglets of average weight of 34.8±4.8 kg were utilized, while the performance assay had 40 piglets with average weight of 26.7±3.3 kg. Digestible and metabolizable protein values of dehydrated brewery residue for growing pigs reared in an environment of high temperatures were 22.47 and 22.06%, respectively, whereas digestible and metabolizable energy values of DBR were 3,371 and 3,364 kcal/kg, respectively. Dehydrated brewery residue can be included in diets for growing pigs up to the level of 20%.

The objective of this study was to analyze the effect of whole cassava root scrapings at different levels in diets for broilers in the period of 22 to 42 days of age in high-temperature environments on performance, as well as to evaluate the metabolizability of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP) and gross energy (GE) and nitrogen balance. A total of 400 male Ross broilers were used for evaluation of performance and 80 birds of the same strain were used in the metabolism experiment. The design was of randomized block with five treatments and four replications. The experimental unit was represented by twenty birds on the performance evaluation and four birds were housed in metabolic cages for the metabolism evaluation. The treatments consisted of diets containing inclusion levels of cassava root scrapings (0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 g/kg), formulated to meet the nutritional requirements accordingly to each phase of the birds. Whole cassava root scrapings can be included in diets for 22 to 42 day-old broiler chickens, at a level between 118.75 and 200 k/kg, in environments of high temperatures, with positive interference on weight gain and feed conversion, without affecting the coefficient of metabolizability of dry matter, crude protein, gross energy and nitrogen balance, or carcass characteristics, such as yields of main cuts and metabolically active organs of the birds.

Esta pesquisa foi desenvolvida para avaliar o desempenho produtivo e a histomorfometria dos segmentos do intestino delgado em frangos de corte no período de 1 a 21 dias de idade alimentados com dietas contendo diferentes aditivos melhoradores de crescimento: ração controle (sem melhorador de crescimento); ração controle + antibióticos (colistina e bacitracina de zinco); ração controle + probiótico; ração controle + prebiótico; ração controle + probiótico + prebiótico. As aves foram distribuídas em delineamento em blocos casualizados, com cinco tratamentos e quatro repetições. Foram avaliadas as variáveis de desempenho, consumo de ração, ganho de peso e conversão alimentar e as características morfométricas, altura, perímetro e profundidade de vilos, dos segmentos do intestino delgado no período de 1 a 21 dias de idade. O desempenho das aves e as características morfométricas dos segmentos dos intestino não apresentaram diferença entre os grupos. O uso de probiótico, prebiótico, probiótico + prebiótico e antibiótico em rações para frangos de corte no período de 1 a 21 dias de idade em condições de baixo desafio sanitário não interfere no desempenho e nas características histomorfométricas dos segmentos do intestino delgado.

The objective of this work was to evaluate the performance and intestinal histomorphometry of small intestine segments in broiler chickens in 1 to 21-day of age period, fed diets with different growth promoter additives: control diet (without growth promoter); control diet + antibiotic (colistin and zinc bacitracin); control diet + probiotic (Protexin); control diet + prebiotic (Bio moss); control diet + probiotic + prebiotic. The birds were distributed in a random block design, with five treatments and four replications. It was evaluated variables of performance, feed intake, weight gain and feed conversion and the morphometric characteristics, height, circumference and depth of the villus of small intestine segments in 1 to 21-day of age period. Performance and morphometric traits of small intestine did not present differences among groups. The use of probiotic, prebiotic, probiotic + prebiotic and antibiotic in diets for broiler chickens in 1 to 21-day of age period, in conditions of low health challenge, does not interfere in the performance and in the histomorphometric characteristics of the segments of the small intestine.